Food acids and their salts
Citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acids sit alongside salt forms such as citrates, lactates and tartrates. The related names do not mean identical functions or conditions of use.
A researched guide to what this category means on a UK label, the important subtypes, and all 41 entries in NutraSafe’s published library.
Acidity regulator: E330
Citric acidAcidity regulators adjust or stabilise a food’s pH. That can change sharpness, help another ingredient work, control texture or keep a recipe consistent between batches.
This page groups every published entry in our acidity-regulator category. The individual pages carry the detailed evidence and regulatory notes, because those cannot be inferred from the category alone.
The exact code matters more than the category headline. These are the distinctions that make the list easier to read without turning every additive into the same story.
Citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acids sit alongside salt forms such as citrates, lactates and tartrates. The related names do not mean identical functions or conditions of use.
Controlling acidity can support texture, stability or the performance of another ingredient. A sharp taste may be noticeable, but taste is not the only reason an acidity regulator is used.
Phosphoric acid and phosphate salts appear across several functional contexts. Follow the exact code and the function printed on the product rather than assuming every phosphate is serving as an acidity regulator.
UK guidance says the ingredients list identifies what the additive does, such as “preservative” or “antioxidant”.
The specific substance can follow as a name or code. Both routes identify the additive; neither is a safety score.
That is where NutraSafe separates source, uses, current regulatory detail, research notes and citations for that code.
Current GB context: since 1 April 2025, the FSA’s electronic register has been the official public list of authorised food additives in Great Britain. An authorisation can include food-category limits and notes, so appearing in a directory does not mean unrestricted use in every food. Read the register guidance.
Showing all 41
Lowering the pH of a food with acetic acid creates an environment that inhibits the growth of bacteria, moulds, and yeasts, extending shelf life.
Read the full entryIn food, potassium acetate adjusts and stabilises pH, making the environment more acidic or buffering it against pH swings.
Read the full entryIt lowers and stabilises the pH of a food product, inhibiting the growth of moulds and bacteria and extending shelf life.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator it buffers the pH of food, keeping it stable during processing and storage.
Read the full entryLowers the pH of food, making the environment more acidic.
Read the full entryIn chemistry, sodium hydrogen malate can act as a buffering agent and mild acidulant, adjusting or stabilising the pH of food products.
Read the full entryThis entry is filed under acidity regulators in our published E-number A to Z.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator it lowers pH in a product, preserving flavour and inhibiting microbial growth.
Read the full entryFumaric acid lowers the pH of food, acting as an acidulant and acidity regulator.
Read the full entryIt works in two ways.
Read the full entryIt works in two main ways.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator it would buffer pH, moderate sourness and stabilise food systems.
Read the full entryAdds a sour, tangy taste and lowers acidity to a set level.
Read the full entrySodium citrates act as buffers, resisting changes in pH so a product stays at its intended acidity even after heating, mixing, or dilution.
Read the full entryIn food, potassium citrates act primarily as acidity regulators and buffers, resisting shifts in pH that would cause flavour changes, discolouration, or texture breakdown.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator it lowers and stabilises pH in food and drink, which inhibits microbial growth and enzymatic browning, and improves the stability of other additives such as antioxidants.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator, sodium tartrates buffer the pH of a product, keeping it stable during manufacture, storage and heating.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator, potassium tartrates lower and stabilise pH in food systems.
Read the full entryIt acts as an acidity regulator, buffering the pH of food to keep it stable during processing and storage.
Read the full entryLowers the pH of drinks and foods, giving them a clean, sharp tartness and slowing bacterial and fungal growth.
Read the full entryWhen used in food systems, lecithin citrate acts as both an emulsifier and an antioxidant synergist.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator, sodium malates buffer the pH of food, keeping it stable during processing and storage.
Read the full entryActs as an acidity regulator: it buffers the pH of a food product, keeping it within a target range so that flavour, texture and colour remain consistent during processing and shelf life.
Read the full entryActs as an acidity regulator by buffering pH in food and drink, keeping it stable during processing and storage.
Read the full entryIn wine, metatartaric acid wraps around tiny crystals of calcium tartrate and potassium hydrogen tartrate (cream of tartar), coating them and preventing them from clumping into the visible gritty deposits that sometimes appear in bottles.
Read the full entryActs as an acidity regulator by buffering pH, helping foods maintain a stable acidity level.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator it lowers and stabilises the pH of a food product, which helps preserve texture and flavour over shelf life.
Read the full entryIt works as an acidity regulator and buffering agent: it resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or alkali are added to a food system.
Read the full entryIt acts as a buffer, resisting changes in pH when acids or bases are added to a food product, keeping tartness and flavour consistent throughout shelf life.
Read the full entryIt acts as an acidity regulator by lowering pH and buffering against pH swings in the finished product.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator it would theoretically buffer and stabilise the pH of food products, lending mild acidity or tartness.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator, it would buffer or adjust pH in food products, helping stabilise taste and texture.
Read the full entryFumarate salts act as acidity regulators by buffering pH in food systems.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator, fumarate salts generally lower or buffer pH in food products, stabilising texture, flavour, and colour.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator it would lower or buffer pH in a food system, releasing acid slowly as the lactone ring opens in the presence of water.
Read the full entryActs as an acidity regulator and buffering agent: it resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to a food system, keeping the product stable.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator it neutralises excess acid, buffering pH in food and drink.
Read the full entryActs as an acidity regulator: it lowers the pH of a food system precisely during processing, enabling enzyme activity, controlling fermentation, or adjusting flavour balance.
Read the full entryIt lowers the pH of a liquid or mixture quickly and predictably.
Read the full entryAs an acidity regulator it lowers pH in a food product, which improves shelf stability, controls texture and supports other preservatives.
Read the full entryGDL releases acid slowly and predictably as it dissolves.
Read the full entryNo matching additive in this category.
In the legal functional classes, an acid increases acidity or adds a sour taste, while an acidity regulator alters or controls acidity or alkalinity. A substance can have more than one technological function.
Not necessarily. The ingredients list does not disclose the final pH or the amount used, and an acidity regulator may be present to stabilise the recipe.
Additives may perform several functions. The label’s functional class should describe the principal purpose it serves in that particular food.
The category explanation and label rules above were checked against official UK guidance, the GB authorisations register, legislation and EFSA background material. Individual additive pages carry the sources for their additive-specific claims.
Scan a barcode to see the additives in the ingredient data we hold, with a plain-English explanation for each one. The pack is always the final word.
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